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Introduction to MVC

What is MVC?

The Model-View-Controller (MVC) is an architectural pattern that separates an application into three main components: Model, View, and Controller. The ASP.NET MVC framework provides an alternative to the ASP.NET Web Forms pattern for creating Web applications. The ASP.NET MVC framework is a lightweight, highly testable presentation framework that (as with Web Forms-based applications) is integrated with existing ASP.NET features, such as master pages and membership-based authentication. The MVC framework is defined in the System.Web.Mvc assembly.

MVC Components

Model: Model objects are the parts of the application that implement the logic for the application's data domain. Often, model objects retrieve and store model state in a database. For example, a Product object might retrieve information from a database, operate on it, and then write updated information back to a Products table in a SQL Server database.

View: Views are the components that display the application's user interface (UI). Typically, this UI is created from the model data. An example would be an edit view of a Products table that displays text boxes, drop-down lists, and check boxes based on the current state of a Product object.

Controller: Controllers are the components that handle user interaction, work with the model, and ultimately select a view to render that displays UI. In an MVC application, the view only displays information; the controller handles and responds to user input and interaction. For example, the controller handles query-string values, and passes these values to the model, which in turn might use these values to query the database.


ASP.NET MVC

ASP.NET supports three major development models: Web Pages, Web Forms and MVC (Model View Controller). The ASP.NET MVC framework is a lightweight, highly testable presentation framework that is integrated with existing ASP.NET features, such as master pages, authentication, etc. Within .NET, this framework is defined in the System.Web.Mvc assembly. The latest version of the MVC Framework is 5.0. We use Visual Studio to create ASP.NET MVC applications which can be added as template in Visual Studio.

ASP.NET MVC Features

The ASP.NET MVC provides the following features:
  • Ideal for developing complex but light weight applications
  • It provides an extensible and pluggable framework which can be easily replaced and customized. For example, if you do not wish to use the in-built Razor or ASPX View Engine, then you can use any other third-party view engines or even customize the existing ones.
  • Utilizes the component-based design of the application by logically dividing it into Model, View and Controller components. This enables the developers to manage the complexity of large-scale projects and work on individual components.
  • The MVC structure enhances the test-driven development and testability of the application since all the components can be designed interface-based and tested using mock objects. Hence the ASP.NET MVC Framework is ideal for projects with large team of web developers.
  • Supports all the existing vast ASP.NET functionalities such as Authorization and Authentication, Master Pages, Data Binding, User Controls, Memberships, ASP.NET Routing, etc.
  • It does not use the concept of View State (which is present in ASP.NET). This helps in building applications which are light-weight and gives full control to the developers.
Thus, you can consider MVC Framework as a major framework built on top of ASP.NET providing a large set of added functionality with focus on component-based development and testing.
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